Off-grid component requirements
Battery Bank
Stores solar energy for night and backup use.
The battery bank determines practical backup hours. It is sized using load wattage, required autonomy, battery chemistry, depth of discharge and inverter losses.
Role in the System
Stores energy generated by solar panels.
Supplies loads when solar generation is low or unavailable.
Stabilizes off-grid operation during changing load and sunlight conditions.
Sizing Checks
Total watt-hours required per day.
Backup duration target.
Battery chemistry: lithium or lead-acid.
Depth of discharge and usable capacity.
Battery voltage, Ah capacity and parallel/series configuration.
Required Documents
Battery datasheet.
Battery autonomy calculation sheet.
Warranty card.
BMS details for lithium systems.
Battery layout and ventilation note.
Safety Checks
Correct battery cable size and fuse protection.
Ventilation for lead-acid batteries.
BMS communication/protection for lithium batteries.
Battery rack stability and terminal covers.
No mixed old/new batteries or mixed capacities.
Handover Records
Battery capacity, voltage and quantity.
Usable backup assumption.
Charging/discharging limits.
Maintenance and warranty conditions.
Maintenance Notes
Monitor battery health and alarms.
Keep terminals clean and tight.
Do not exceed recommended depth of discharge.